Open Access Policy

This journal recognizes the value of global knowledge exchange in advancing science and technology and in promoting high-quality scholarly research. Accordingly, the journal operates under a full Open Access model, whereby all published articles and associated materials, including data and implementation codes, are made freely and permanently accessible to the public without subscription or access barriers. Access to the digital content is not affected by the availability or purchase of printed copies.

All published works are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original authors and source are properly cited. Authors retain full copyright of their work and grant the journal a non-exclusive right to publish, distribute, and archive the article as the original publisher. Manuscripts submitted to or published by the journal may not be republished elsewhere in the same form without appropriate acknowledgment of the journal as the original source.

To support administrative, archival, and promotional needs, the journal produces a limited number of printed hard copies (approximately 50 copies per issue). These copies are used for exhibitions, internal university review, and distribution to selected libraries.

In addition, the journal offers optional print subscriptions for institutions, organizations, and individuals who wish to receive physical copies. Charges apply only to the printed version and cover production and postage costs. The journal may seek sponsorship to help reduce printing expenses and maintain affordability.

The print subscription fees per issue are as follows:

  • Institutional (Local): TZS 50,000
  • Individual (Local): TZS 20,000
  • Institutional (International): USD 50.00
  • Individual (International): USD 20.00

These fees include postage and handling. The availability of print subscriptions does not restrict or delay Open Access to the online content.